Passive and active stomatal control: either or both?

Separating active and passive influences on stomatal control of transpiration.

Motivated by studies suggesting that the stomata of ferns and lycophytes do not conform to the standard active abscisic acid (ABA) -mediated stomatal control model, we examined stomatal behavior in a conifer species (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) that is phylogenetically midway between the fern and angiosperm clades. Similar to ferns, daytime stomatal closure in response to moderate water stres...

Reference Ontologies - Application Ontologies: Either/Or or Both/And?

The distinction between reference ontologies and application ontologies crept rather unobtrusively into the recent literature on knowledge engineering. A lot of the discourse surrounding this distinction – notably, the one framing the workshop generating this collection of papers – suggests the two types of ontologies are in some sort of opposition to one another. Thus, Borge et al. [3] charact...

Resection, transplantation, either, or both? Other pieces of the puzzle.

Quagent control via Passive and Active Learning

Artificial intelligence algorithms using passive and active learning versions of direct utility estimation, adaptive dynamic programming and temporal difference approaches to simulate an agent. The explored worlds consisted of discrete states (positions) bounded by internally generated “walls” that included one or more terminal states and a pre determined configuration of rewards for each state...

Targeting IL-6 by both passive or active immunization strategies prevents bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis

INTRODUCTION Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine for which preliminary data have suggested that it might contribute to systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our aims were to investigate, firstly, IL-6 expression in patients with SSc and, secondly, the efficacy of both passive and active immunization against IL-6 to reduce skin fibrosis in complementary mouse models of SSc. METHODS Human serum ...